Structural models of burnout: theoretical concepts and diagnostic constructs
(in Russian)
Abstract
The article presents the results of a systematic review and analysis of structural models of burnout, which are implemented in the form of specific psychodiagnostic tools. Purpose. Systematization of approaches to conceptualization and measurement of the structure of burnout proposed in various countries. Method. The article is based on a review and analysis of foreign and domestic literature on the issues of measuring burnout. Findings. Most tools for measuring burnout are multidimensional inventories with four–seven gradations of responses on the Likert scale. The conceptual understanding of burnout structure as a three-component syndrome by C. Maslach prevails. The central role in all diagnostic constructs is given to the aspect of emotional exhaustion (core of burnout). Maslach BurnoutInventory (MBI) is the “gold standard”of measuring burnout, which assesses burnout syndromein accordance with the International Classification of Diseases and is used in 78-90% of studies according to various data. The names of the components depersonalization and personal achievementvary. To overcome the contradictions between the conceptualization and operationalization of burnout by C. Maslach, as well as to enhance the applied potential of the MBI construct, new models with additional dimensions (scales) are proposed. Russian-language burnout inventories operate with a three-component structure according to C. Maslach or appeal to stress theory. Currently, the development of ultra-short versions of already known inventories, as well as single-item scales, is becoming the trend in burnout screening. Value of the results. The scientific significance of the articlelies in the systematization of theoretical and empirical research areas on the issues of measuring the structure of burnout. A comparative characteristic of diagnostic constructs of burnout, which are used by practitioners in various fields, including organizational psychology and HR-management, is given. HR specialists can obtain valuable information from the article on the specifics of approaches to understanding and measuring burnout, which can be used to prepare interviews into account the specifics of the organization.
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